History of Transistors;Part-3

In the fabrication of amplifying crystals semiconductor material plays a major role. The first transistor is made of semiconductor material, germanium in 1950s. When an electrical voltage is applied, this semiconductor material is neither fully conducting nor fully insulating.

Later silicon transistors are developed. Due to successful performance at high temperatures silicon transistor are more used from the year 1954. Commercial silicon transistors were available from Texas Instruments. Later extensive research is made from silicon transistors and now this lead to development of integrated circuit and microprocessor devices.

Later in 1959, first field effect transistor was developed. It consists of three layers metal (M-gate) ,Oxide(O-insulation ), silicon (S-semiconductor).